Open innovation

“Open innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology”. The boundaries between a firm and its environment have become more permeable; innovations can easily transfer inward and outward. The central idea behind open innovation is that in a world of widely distributed knowledge, companies cannot afford to rely entirely on their own research, but should instead buy or license processes or inventions (e.g. patents) from other companies. In addition, internal inventions not being used in a firm's business should be taken outside the company (e.g., through licensing, joint ventures, spin-offs).
Several companies currently operate as open innovation intermediaries, including InnoCentive, Hypios, InnovationXchange, NineSigma and Tekscout in US, PRESANS in France, Innoget in Spain, and Fellowforce among others. Other companies such as Deutsche Telekom report on using multiple instruments to open up their innovation system. Such instruments include corporate venture capital funds, foresight workshops, executive forums, and spin-outs.

Open Innovation is a term promoted by Henry Chesbrough, a professor and executive director at the Center for Open Innovation at Berkeley, in his book Open Innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. The concept is related to user innovation, cumulative innovation and distributed innovation.